ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR ISLANDS

HISTORY

In the 11th century CE, Rajendra Chola I of the Chola dynasty of Tamilakam invaded parts of South East Asia using the Nicobar islands as an intermediate naval base. It was part of an established Chola trade route connecting India and South East Asia, with the practice continuing in the subsequent years during the reigns of Rajendra II and Kulothunga I Chola inscriptions from Thanjavur, dated to 1050 CE, describe the islands as Ma-Nakkavaram meaning "great open/naked land" in Tamil.The islands are later mentioned by Marco Polo in the 13th century CE and Friar Oderic in early 14th century CE. In 1789, the British colonised the Andaman islands to set up a naval base and establish a penal colony. In 1794, a first batch of 100 prisoners were sent to the island but the settlement was abandoned in 1796. The provisional control was passed on to the Azad Hind of Subhash Chandra Bose on 29 December 1943, based on the understanding with the Japanese with the islands renamed as Shaheed-Dweep (Martyr Island) and Swaraj-dweep (Self-rule Island).Bose appointed General A. D. Loganathan as the governor of the islands, who had limited power while the real control of the islands remained with the Japanese.The archipelago consists of approximately 572 islands, of which about 36 are inhabited. The two main groups are: Andaman Islands: The northern group, which includes islands like North Andaman, Middle Andaman, South Andaman, and Havelock Island. Nicobar Islands: The southern group, which includes Nicobar, Car Nicobar, and others. It is under the administration of the Central Government of India.

ABOUT THE CAPITAL CITY

Port Blair officially known as Sri Vijaya Puram, is the capital city of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, a union territory of India in the Bay of Bengal. Port Blair is the entry point for the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. It is connected with mainland India by both air and sea. It is home to several museums and the major naval base INS Jarawa of the Indian Navy, along with sea and air bases of the Indian Coast Guard, Andaman and Nicobar Police, Andaman and Nicobar Command, the first integrated tri-command between the Indian Armed Forces, Indian Air Force and the navy. The historic Cellular Jail is in the city, and nearby small islands such as Corbyn's Cove, Wandoor, Ross Island and Viper Island were once home to British colonists. The city was named after Captain Archibald Blair, a British colonial navy official of the East India Company. On 13 September 2024, the Government of India renamed the city to Sri Vijaya Puram.

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BEST TIME TO VISIT

The best time to visit the Andaman and Nicobar Islands is from October to May. Here's a breakdown of the seasons:

Seasonal Breakdown:
- October to February

Weather: This period features pleasant weather with temperatures ranging from 20°C to 30°C (68°F to 86°F). Humidity is lower, making it comfortable for sightseeing and outdoor activities. Activities: Ideal for beach activities, water sports, and exploring the islands' natural beauty.

- March to May

Weather: Temperatures start to rise, often reaching around 30°C to 35°C (86°F to 95°F). Despite the warmth, evenings can be pleasant. Activities: Great for swimming, snorkeling, and diving, although it can be a bit hot during the day.

- June to September

Weather: This period sees heavy rainfall, high humidity, and occasional storms. The islands can be less accessible due to rough seas. Considerations: While the lush greenery is beautiful, it's generally not advisable to visit during this time unless you're specifically interested in off-season travel. Overall, for the best experience, planning your trip between October and May is recommended!

Festive Seasons:

-Durga Puja (September/October): This is the most significant festival in the islands, especially among the Bengali community. It celebrates the victory of Goddess Durga over the buffalo demon Mahishasura.
-Kali Puja (October/November): Known as the Festival of Lights, Diwali celebrates the triumph of light over darkness and good over evil.
-Eid-ul-Fitr(Falling 29 or 30 days after Ramadan):Celebrated by the Muslim community, it marks the end of fasting during Ramadan
-Pongal(January): Primarily observed by Tamil settlers, it marks the harvest season.
-Christmas(25th December): Celebrated by the Christian community, it marks the birth of Jesus Christ.
-Poila Boishakh (April): Celebrate Bengali New Year with traditional festivities.
-Tribal Festivals: Various indigenous tribes have their own festivals that celebrate nature, harvest, and community. These festivals often involve traditional dances, music, and rituals.
-Local Harvest Festivals: Various communities celebrate local harvest festivals, emphasizing agriculture and community bonds.

PLACES TO EXPLORE

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The Andaman and Nicobar Islands offer a range of stunning attractions, from beautiful beaches to historical sites. Here are some must-visit places:

Cultural and Historical Landmarks:

1. Cellular Jail (Port Blair)
2. Anthropological Museum (Port Blair))
3. Ross Island (Port Blair)
4. Viper Island (Port Blair)
5. Samudrika Naval Marine Museum (Port Blair)
6. Neil Island
7. Havelock Island
8. Buddha's Stupa (Port Blair)
9. Little Andaman Island
10. Great Nicobar Island
11. Barren Island
12. Katchal Island

Natural Wonders:

1. Coral Reefs (Around Havelock Island and Neil Island)
2. Radhanagar Beach (Havelock Island)
3. Limestone Caves (Baratang Island)
4. Mud Volcanoes (Baratang Island)
5. Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park (Wandoor, South Andaman)
6. Natural Rock Formations (Neil Island)

Beaches:

1. Radhanagar Beach (Havelock Island)
2. Elephant Beach (Havelock Island)
3. Laxmanpur Beach (Neil Island)
4. Bharatpur Beach (Neil Island)
5. Corbyn's Cove Beach (Port Blair)
6. Butler Bay Beach (Little Andaman Island)
7. Ramnagar Beach (Long Island)
8. Wandoor Beach (Port Blair)
9. North Bay Beach (Port Blair)
10. Kalapeni Beach (Great Nicobar Island)
11. Saddle Peak Beach (North Andaman)

Pilgrimage Sites:

1. Buddha Stupa (Port Blair)
2. Mahadev Beach Temple (North Andaman)
3. Shri Sharada Devi Temple (Port Blair)
4. Jain Temple (Port Blair)
5. St. Mary's Church (Port Blair)
6. Gurudwara Singh Sabha (Port Blair)
7. Zanana Church (Ross Island)

Adventure and Trekking:

1. Scuba Diving (Havelock Island, Neil Island, and North Bay)
2. Snorkeling (Elephant Beach, Bharatpur Beach, and Havelock Island)
3. Kayaking (Baratang Island)
4. Glass-Bottom Boat Rides (North Bay Island and Coral Island)
5. Surfing (Little Andaman Island)
6. Saddle Peak Trek (North Andaman Island)
7. Baratang Island Trek
8. Mount Harriet Trek (Port Blair)

LANGUAGE AND CULTURE

The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are home to a rich tapestry of languages and cultures influenced by indigenous tribes, migrants, and the historical backdrop of colonialism. Here’s an overview:

LANGUAGES

Hindi: The official and most widely spoken language, Hindi is spoken by the majority of the population.
Other Languages include:
Bengali: Spoken by a significant number, especially in Port Blair.
Tamil: Commonly spoken by the Tamil community residing in the islands.
Nicobarese: Spoken by the Nicobarese people, this language is part of the Austronesian language family.
Onge: A language of the Onge tribe, which is indigenous to Little Andaman Island
Sentinelese: The language of the Sentinelese tribe, which is largely undocumented due to the tribe's isolation..

ARTS AND CRAFTS

Traditional crafts include wood carving, weaving, and shell work. The Nicobarese are known for their colorful handicrafts, while local artisans produce various souvenirs for visitors.

MUSIC AND DANCE

Folk music and dance are integral to the cultural heritage of the islands. Each community has its traditional forms of music and dance, often performed during festivals and gatherings.

FAMOUS DISHES

The Andaman and Nicobar Islands boast a diverse culinary scene, influenced by local ingredients and the rich cultural tapestry of its inhabitants. Signature dishes include Sea Food Curry, Fish Amritsari, Chowder, Prawn Masala, Nicobarese Fish Curry, Tandoori Fish, Vegetable and Coconut Stew and bengali dishes like Shorshe Ilish (hilsa fish in mustard sauce) and Chingri Malai Curry (prawns in coconut milk) are widely enjoyed. Sweets include Coconut Barfi whichis a Asweet made from grated coconut and sugar, often flavored with cardamom and Rasgulla which is a popular Bengali sweet made from chhena (fresh cheese) and soaked in sugar syrup.

FESTIVALS

The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are home to a diverse mix of cultures and communities, leading to a variety of festivals celebrated throughout the year. Here are some of the key festivals of the region:

-Island Tourism Festival(January): Celebrated in Port Blair, this festival showcases the culture, traditions, and crafts of the islands. It includes cultural performances, local food stalls, and exhibitions.
-Durga Puja(September/October): Like mainland India, Durga Puja is celebrated with great fervor in the islands, particularly among the Bengali community. It features elaborate decorations, rituals, and cultural programs.
-Diwali(October/November): The festival of lights is celebrated by various communities with decorations, lamps, and fireworks, symbolizing the victory of light over darkness.
-Christmas(December): Celebrated by the Christian community, Christmas involves church services, carols, and festive meals, bringing together families and friends.
-Holi(March): The festival of colors is celebrated with enthusiasm, involving music, dance, and the throwing of colored powders among friends and family.
-Buddha Purnima(April/May): Celebrated by the Buddhist community, this festival commemorates the birth, enlightenment, and death of Gautama Buddha with prayers and rituals.
-Eid: The festival is observed by the Muslim community with prayers, feasting, and charity, reflecting the cultural diversity of the islands.
-Pongal(January): Celebrated primarily by the Tamil community, Pongal marks the harvest season with traditional foods, rituals, and community gatherings.
-Subhash Mela(January): Held in memory of Subhas Chandra Bose, this fair in Port Blair features cultural programs, sports, and exhibitions celebrating local heritage.
-Mahavir Jayanti(April): Celebrated by the Jain community, this festival marks the birth of Lord Mahavira with prayers, processions, and community service.